Lesson 5 of 25

The Secret of Silent Suggestion (Few-Shot Prompting)

Instead of describing the output you want, show two or three finished examples and let the model infer the pattern. This works because a worked example carries decisions that adjectives cannot - exactly where the line falls between two categories, how an edge case is handled, how long a sentence should be. It is the difference between telling someone to write concisely and handing them a paragraph you consider concise.

Reach for it whenWhen you need the same treatment applied consistently to many items, or when you keep failing to describe the style or judgement you want.

Wrap each demonstration in <example> tags, with the input and output labelled inside. This is the single most useful habit on Claude: tagged examples are unambiguously reference material, so none of your sample text gets mistaken for the item to process - which is the usual way few-shot prompts go wrong when the examples are long. Put all the examples first and the actual item last, and add a <rules> block stating what the examples are meant to teach.

Worth knowingClaude reads examples attentively enough that an inconsistency between two of them becomes a visible problem - it may ask which one you meant, or split the difference. Check your examples agree with each other before blaming the output.
  • Wrap each demonstration in <example> with input and output.
  • Examples first, the real item last.
  • Add a <rules> block naming what the examples teach.
  • Check your examples do not contradict each other.
  • Include an example of the edge case and of refusal.
Example 1: The Instruction vs. The Silent Suggestion (Classification)

Instead of

Look at this customer review and tell me if it's positive, negative, or neutral. The review is: 'The product arrived on time, but the quality wasn't what I expected.'

Perplexity version

<examples>
<example>
<review>I absolutely love this product. It has changed my daily routine.</review>
<sentiment>Positive</sentiment>
</example>

<example>
<review>Complete waste of money. Broke after one day.</review>
<sentiment>Negative</sentiment>
</example>

<example>
<review>Delivery was fast and the item matched the description, but it is overpriced for what it is.</review>
<sentiment>Mixed</sentiment>
</example>

<example>
<review>Received the order.</review>
<sentiment>Neutral</sentiment>
</example>

<example>
<review>The kurta fit perfectly but the colour had faded by the second wash.</review>
<sentiment>Mixed</sentiment>
</example>

<example>
<review>Delivery to Hyderabad took eleven days. Product itself is fine.</review>
<sentiment>Mixed</sentiment>
</example>
</examples>

<rules>
- Praise and complaint in the same review is Mixed, never Neutral.
- Neutral is only for reviews expressing no opinion at all.
- A delivery complaint with a satisfactory product is Mixed.
- Output the label alone. No explanation unless I ask.
- If a review genuinely does not fit any of the four labels, return Unclear rather than forcing it. I would rather review twenty Unclears than trust a wrong label.
</rules>

<task>
Classify this review using the pattern and rules above:

<review>The product arrived on time, but the quality wasn't what I expected.</review>

Then tell me, in one line, which of the examples you relied on most to decide - I want to know whether my examples are actually teaching what I think they are.
</task>
Open Perplexity 1,539 characters
Example 2: The Description vs. The Demonstration (Data Extraction)

Instead of

Please extract the person's name, the company they work for, and their job title from this sentence: 'We are pleased to announce that Priya Sharma will be joining our team as the new Head of Marketing at Innovate Corp.'

Perplexity version

<examples>
<example>
<text>The keynote will be given by Raj Patel, CEO of FutureTech Solutions.</text>
<output>{"name": "Raj Patel", "company": "FutureTech Solutions", "title": "CEO"}</output>
</example>

<example>
<text>Our quarterly review will be led by Anita Desai, our firm's Managing Director.</text>
<output>{"name": "Anita Desai", "company": null, "title": "Managing Director"}</output>
</example>

<example>
<text>Welcome to Vikram Reddy and Sneha Kulkarni, who join Zephyr Labs as Design Lead and Head of Product respectively.</text>
<output>[{"name": "Vikram Reddy", "company": "Zephyr Labs", "title": "Design Lead"}, {"name": "Sneha Kulkarni", "company": "Zephyr Labs", "title": "Head of Product"}]</output>
</example>

<example>
<text>Dr. S. Ramanathan has been appointed to the board.</text>
<output>{"name": "Dr. S. Ramanathan", "company": null, "title": "Board Member"}</output>
</example>

<example>
<text>The event was a great success and we thank everyone who attended.</text>
<output>null</output>
</example>
</examples>

<rules>
- company is JSON null, unquoted, when the text does not name it - never the string "null".
- Several people produce an array; one person produces an object.
- No person named produces null.
- Never infer a company the text does not state, even where it is obvious from context.
- Preserve names exactly as written, including honorifics and initials.
- Output valid JSON only. No prose, no code fence, no commentary.
</rules>

<task>
Extract from this text, following the examples and rules above:

<text>We are pleased to announce that Priya Sharma will be joining our team as the new Head of Marketing at Innovate Corp.</text>
</task>
Open Perplexity 1,686 characters
Example 3: Defining Style by Example, Not Adjectives

Instead of

Rewrite the following sentence in a very short, simple, and powerful style, like Ernest Hemingway. The sentence is: 'Despite the fact that he was feeling quite tired, he knew that he had to continue on his journey if he wanted to reach his destination by morning.'

Perplexity version

<style_examples>
<example>The sun was hot. The road was long. He walked on.</example>
<example>The coffee was bitter. Rain beat the window. The phone did not ring.</example>
<example>She did not look back. The train left. That was all.</example>
</style_examples>

<anti_examples>
<example reason="overwrought - decorates instead of stating">The scorching, merciless sun beat down relentlessly upon the endless, winding road that stretched before him.</example>
<example reason="empty - terse but has thrown away the concrete detail">It was hot. He walked. He was tired.</example>
</anti_examples>

<rules>
- The anti-examples define the two failure modes. The second matters most: this style is spare, not vacant. It keeps concrete physical detail and refuses to decorate it.
- Do not use the sample sentences' own images - no sun, no road, no coffee, no train. Match the method, not the furniture.
</rules>

<task>
First, state the three rules you have inferred from the style examples - sentence length, what is cut, what is kept. I want to check your reading before you apply it.

Then rewrite this sentence in that style:

<target>Despite the fact that he was feeling quite tired, he knew that he had to continue on his journey if he wanted to reach his destination by morning.</target>

Give three versions - about 8 words, about 15, about 25 - so I can see how the style holds as it loosens. For each, note in one line what you had to give up at that length.
</task>
Open Perplexity 1,473 characters